选取南四湖流域鱼城、孙庄等8个监测站点，利用其1952-2015年的实测水文数据，采用Mann-Kendall非参数检验和Morlet小波变换等分析方法，分析了流域降水、径流、蒸发等水循环要素变化时空特征，研究结果表明：(1）流域降水量呈现增加趋势，径流量和蒸发量呈减少趋势z各水循环要素的年际变化周期都有多种时间尺度相互嵌套．降水量和蒸发量的主周期为25a，径流量的主周期为31a;水循环要素的年内分配不均匀，降水量集中在6月 － 8月，径疏量的峰值较降水量滞后1个月，蒸发量的最大值出现在6月份；（2）空间分布不均匀，表现为降水由东南 向西北方向递减趋势，径流深的空间分布格局吻合于降水；湖东区域水循环要素的变化大于湖西区域；〔3）流域水循环要素的时空变化特征受到气候变化和人类活动的共同影响。

ln this study,eight monitoring stations were selected to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of water cycle elements, such as precipitation,runoff,and evaporation in the basin. For this purpose,measured hydrological data from 1952 to 2015, the Mann-Kendall nonparametric test and Morlet wavelet transform were used. The results indicated that precipitation showed an increasing trend, and the runoff and evaporation showed a decreasing trend in the basin. The interannual variation cycle of each water cycle element had multiple time scales nested with each other. The main cycle of precipitation and evaporation was 25a, and runoff was 3la,respectively. The distribution of water cycle elements was uneven during the year, while the precipitation was concentrated in June-August. The peak value of runoff was one month behind the precipitation, and the maximum value of evaporation appeared in June. The spatial distribution was uneven, which characterized by the decreasing trend of precipitation from southeast to northwest. The spatial distribution pattern of runoff depth was consistent with precipitation. The change of water cycle elements in Hudong area was greater than that in Huxi area. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the water cycle elements of the basin may be affected by climate change and human activities.

国家自然科学基金（41201166）；江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划（KYCX19_2173）；中国矿业大学研究生科研与实践创新计划(KYCX19_2173)