河道冰厚是黄河防凌研究的重要指标，目前通过人工钻孔或触冰式探地雷达获取黄河冰厚均要求河流稳定封 冻，且工作人员必须在冰面上作业。因此,积极探索更加高效的非接触式冰厚获取方法意义重大。利用无人机搭载 探地雷达对黄河什四份子弯道冰厚进行探测，通过现场人工钻孔测量冰厚数据反算雷达波在冰层中的传播速度。 结果表明,弯道冰厚分布不均匀，凹岸侧冰厚比凸岸侧大;清沟断面最大冰厚91 cm,最小冰厚19 cm,靠近水面附近 冰厚较小;雷达测量与人工测量结果基本吻合，平均误差不超过2 cm。实践证明，无人机载雷达回波图可直观地反 映空气一冰、冰一水分界面及冰厚情况，且探测方法具有快速、高效、安全等优点。研究结果对于开发黄河冰厚全新化的监测技术具有重要参考价值。

River ice thickness is an important indicator of ice prevention. At present, the ice thickness is measured by drilling or contact-type GPR required stably freeze-up. Therefore, it is of great significance to actively explore more efficient non-contact ice thickness detection methods. The UAV was equipped with the GPR to detect the ice thickness of the Shensifenzi bend of the Yellow River. The radar propagation velocity in the ice was calculated by using ice thickness data from the field of artificial drilling. The results showed that the distribution of ice thickness at the bend was uneven. The ice thickness on the concave bank was larger than that on the convex bank. The maximum ice thickness of the lead section was 91cm, the minimum ice thickness of the lead section was 19cm, and the ice thickness near the water surface was small. The ice thickness measured by radar was basically consistent with the measured by drilling, and the average error was less than 2 cm. The practice has proved that UAV radar images can directly reflect the air-ice interface and ice-water interface and ice thickness. The detection method has fast advantages, high efficiency and safety. The research results have important reference value for the development of new monitoring of the Yellow River ice thickness.

国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1508401) ； 2018内蒙古自治区应用技术研究与开发资金项目(201802104);国家自然科学基金 (51569020)