With the gradual attention of the state to the protection of natural ecological environment, the planning and layout of the nature reserve will overlap with some coal mine areas. In order to strengthen the construction of ecological civilization, it is necessary to study the impact of mining on the ecological environment of the nature reserve. Through the methods of GIS and RS, and evaluation o f ecological protection index system, the differences and impacts of ecological environment changes before and after the planning of the nature reserve are analyzed. The results show that since 2002, the effect of water collection and artificial soil and water conservation measures on improving the ecological environment of vegetation are obvious, the dominant species of vegetation type in the overlapping area of coal mine and nature reserve have changed from grass vegetation to shrub vegetation, inwhich the area of arbor forest land has increased significantly, the veetationcoverage in the overlapping area has also increased considerably . The intensity of soil erosion has decreased year by year after mining the coal resources. Postharvest hydraulic erosion intensity is mainly below mild, and the area of artificial soil and water conservation has increased significantly. T he negative impact of the ground subsidence caused by coal mining on the ecological environment is less than the positive effect brought by artificial soil and waterconservation measures, and it is generally developing in a more stable direction. The ecological protection status index increased fr om 32. 98 to 45.94, and the change degree of ecological protection status in nature reserves is 12.9 ≥10. T he ecological protection status of the nature reserve improved significantly. On the basis of ecological environment protection and restoration measures in the nature reserve, coal mines need to further study the comprehensive impact of human activitieson the ecological environment of the nature reserve.