为确定适宜多砾石砂土浅埋式滴灌苜蓿的灌溉制度, 试验设定 5 种灌水定额( 22. 5、 30.0、 37.5、 45.0 和 52.5 mm) 并以地面灌为对照组( CK) , 研究灌水定额对浅埋式滴灌苜蓿耗水规律和产量的影响。结果表明: 不同灌水定额下各茬苜蓿的耗水强度为第 2 茬> 第 1 茬> 第 3 茬, 且均在孕蕾期达到峰值。各茬苜蓿的总耗水量表现为第 2 茬> 第 3 茬> 第 1 茬, 且耗水量分别在分枝期、初花期及孕蕾期最高。灌水定额大于 45.0 mm 时, 耗水强度增加趋势不明显且与地面灌( CK) 相近。45.0 mm 灌水定额与地面灌( CK) 间的耗水量差异不显著( P < 0.05) 。高灌水定 额( 45.0、52.5 mm) 与地面灌( CK) 之间的总耗水量、总产量以及总水分利用效率差异不显著, 与低灌水定额( 22.5、 30.0、37.5 mm) 差异显著( P < 0.05) , 且各茬苜蓿此三项指标的差异性一致。总产量与总水分利用效率在灌水定额 为 45.0 mm 处达到最大, 与地面灌( CK) 相比分别增加了 9.05% 、14.54% 。选用 45.0 mm 灌水定额和 54.0 mm 灌溉定额作为多砾石砂土浅埋式滴灌苜蓿灌溉制度较为合适。

To determine the suitable irrigation schedule for alfalfa under shallow embedded drip irrigation in pebbly sandy soil, five irrigat ion quotas ( 22.5 mm, 30.0 mm, 37.5 mm, 45.0 mm, and 52.5 mm) were set in the experiment, and the surface irrigation was used as the control group ( CK) to study the effect of irrigation quota on the water consumption and yield of shallow embedded drip irrigation alfalfa. The results showed that the water consumption intensity of alfalfa in different stubbles under different irrigation quota was expressed as 2nd> 1st> 3rd, and all of them reached the peak value in the bud stage. The total water consumption of alfalfa in differ ent stubbles was expressed as 2nd> 3r d> 1st, and the water consumption was the highest in the branching stage, the initial flowering stage, and the bud stage, respectively . When the irrigation quota was greater than 45.0mm, the increasing trend of water consumption intensity was smaller and similar to that of surface irrigation ( CK) . There was no significant difference in water consumption betw een 45.0 mm irrigation quota and CK ( P < 01 05) . There were no significant differences in total water consumption, total yield and to tal water use efficiency between high irrigation quota ( 45.0, 52.5 mm) and surface irrigation ( CK) , but significant difference was found between low irrigation quota ( 22.5, 30.0, 37.5 mm) ( P < 0.05) . The total yield and total water use efficiency reached the max imum at the irrigation quota of 45.0 mm, increased by 9.05% and 14.54% , respectively compared with the surface irrigation ( CK) . T herefore, it is suitable to select a 45.0 mm irrigation quota and 540 mm irrigation norm for alfalfa in pebbly sandy soil with a sha llow embedded drip irrigation system.

新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金( 2019D01A40)