冻土水文地质学主要研究冻土区水分要素的时空分布和运动规律及其与冻土间的相互作用。在微观上，冻结温度、未冻水含量以及孔隙水压力等冻土层独有的水热参数决定了冻土的结构和物理力学性质，同时影响了冻土层的冻融过程。而宏观上，冻土层的存在改变了常规的地表径流和水系模式，地下水的循环系统也由于冻土层的季节性冻融发生了根本变化，形成了冻土区独特的水文地质条件。从微观和宏观两种角度系统归纳与总结国内外冻土水文地质学研究进展，并分析包括地球物理技术、水化学、冻土水文模型在内的技术方法，同时对高寒区特有的地下水溢流冰、融雪入渗和冻土保墒现象的研究成果进行总结与分析。冻土水文的发展趋势应在积累研究数据和技术方法的基础上进一步探索产汇流过程机理，并建立更完善的冻土水文物理模型，定量分析冻土与水资源之间的相互作用。

Frozen soil hydrogeology mainly studies the spatial and temporal distribution and movement of water elements in frozen soil areas and their interaction with frozen soil.Microscopically,the unique hydrothermal parameters of frozen soil,such as freezing temperature,unfrozen water content and pore water pressure,determine the structure and physical and mechanical properties of frozen soil,and affect the freezing and thawing process of frozen soil.Macroscopically,the existence of permafrost has changed the conventional surface runoff and water system model,and the process of groundwater recharge,runoff and discharge has changed fundamentally due to the seasonal freezing and thawing of permafrost,which forms a special hydrogeological environment in permafrost region.The research progress of frozen soil hydrogeology at home and abroad from microscopic and macroscopic perspectives systematically summarized,and the technical methods including geophysical technology,hydrochemistry and frozen soil hydrological model are analyzes.The research results of groundwater overflow ice,snowmelt infiltration and frozen soil moisture conservation in alpine region are analyzed.The development trend of permafrost hydrology should further explore the mechanism of runoff generation and confluence on the basis of accumulating research data and technical methods,and establish a more perfect hydrological physical model of permafrost to quantitatively analyze the interaction between permafrost and water resources.