水面光伏可通过组件等的遮挡作用减少建设水域蒸发损失，规模开发后形成显著的抑制蒸发的节水潜力， 如何再配置上述节水量以实现最佳水资源利用是亟待解决的问题。基于此，结合湿地生态补水问题，以湿地优势 物种价值增量最大、湿地水资源保障能力增量最大和水源地用水效益损失最小为目标，构建水面光伏抑制蒸发作 用对应节水量的优化配置模型，并以典型湿地——白洋淀进行案例分析。结果表明：水面光伏抑制蒸发的节水可 在改善湿地生态补水工作中发挥关键作用。白洋淀低、中和高补水需求下，芦苇经济价值最大增加 0.5 亿、2.6 亿 和 5.5 亿元，水资源保障能力提高 61%、42% 和 28%，丹江口水库在丰水年、平水年和枯水年的平均最小发电损失 为 0.25 亿、0.38 亿和 0.43 亿 kW·h。白洋淀补水需求和丹江口水库来水的不同遭遇情景的配置方案表明：白洋淀 在低补水需求时，建议高流量补水时段为 3—6 月和 9 月；在白洋淀中、高补水需求时，建议高流量补水时段为 10 月— 次年 2 月或 3—6 月。

Floating?photovoltaic?is?a?system?where?traditional?photovoltaic?modules?are?placed?on?free?water,?such?as reservoirs,?lakes,?water?transfer?projects,?coal?mining?subsidence?area,?etc.?Through?the?shading?effect?of?modules and?other?components,?floating?photovoltaic?can?reduce?water?evaporation?and?it?has?great?potential?to?save?water?by suppressing?evaporation?after?large-scale?development.?In?recent?years,?a?large?number?of?studies?have?focused?on the?evaporation?theoretical?calculation?model?of?water?with?floating?photovoltaic?and?the?quantification?of?water- saving?benefits.?However,?there?are?few?studies?on?the?utilization?of?water-saving?by?suppressing?evaporation?of floating?photovoltaic.?How?to?reconfigure?the?above-mentioned?water-saving?to?achieve?the?optimal?utilization?of water?resources?is?an?urgent?problem?to?be?solved.?Due?to?climate?change?and?increased?competition?for?water resources,?wetlands?are?facing?serious?water?scarcity.?The?water?transfer?project?not?only?is?the?engineering?basis?of wetland?ecological?replenishment,?but?also?provides?a?broad?water?area?for?the?floating?photovoltaic?construction. Based?on?this,?the?aim?of?this?work?is?to?purpose?the?optimal?allocation?of?water-saving?by?suppressing?evaporation of?floating?photovoltaic?combined?with?wetland?ecological?water?supplement. ??????An ?optimization ?model ?was ?constructed ?with ?multiple ?objectives ?of ?maximizing ?the ?incremental ?value ?of dominant?species?in?wetlands,?maximizing?the?incremental?capacity?of?wetland?water?security?and?minimizing?the loss?of?water?use?benefits?in?water?sources,?and?the?genetic?algorithm?was?used?to?solve?the?model.?Based?on?the results ?of ?scenario ?simulation, ?the ?competition ?relationship ?between ?multiple ?objectives ?was ?revealed ?and suggestions?on?water?resource?allocation?for?wetland?ecological?water?replenishment?were?put?forward.?The?main canal?of?the?Middle?Route?of?the?South-to-North?Water?Transfers?Project?and?the?reservoir?along?it?were?taken?as?the water?area?for?floating?photovoltaic?construction.?A?case?study?was?conducted?with?Baiyangdian,?a?typical?wetland. ??????The?results?showed?that?when?the?floating?photovoltaic?covers?50%?of?the?Middle?Route?of?the?South-to-North Water?Transfers?Project,?the?annual?evaporation?inhibition?water?saving?amount?was?230?million?m 3.?The?economic value?of?reed?species?can?be?increased?by?50?million?yuan,?260?million?yuan?and?550?million?yuan,?and?the?water resource?security?ability?can?be?improved?by?61%,?42%?and?28%?under?the?scenario?of?low?and?medium?to?high water?supplement?demand.?At?the?same?time,?the?average?minimum?power?generation?loss?of?Danjiangkou?Reservoir in?wet,?normal?and?dry?years?was?25?million?kWh,?38?million?kWh?and?43?million?kWh.?According?to?the?situations under?different?wet?and?dry?scenarios?in?Baiyangdian?Wetland?and?Danjiangkou?Reservoir,?the?appropriate?water- saving?by?suppressing?evaporation?of?floating?photovoltaic?allocation?scheme?were?proposed?respectively.?When Baiyangdian?Wetland?has?low?water?replenishment?demand,?it?was?suggested?to?carry?out?ecological?replenishment with?high?flow?from?March?to?June?and?September.?When?Baiyangdian?Wetland?water?replenishment?demand?is medium?or?high,?the?recommended?period?of?high?flow?replenishment?was?from?October?to?February?or?March?to June. ??????It ?is ?showed ?that ?water-saving ?by ?suppressing ?evaporation ?of ?floating ?photovoltaic ?can ?play ?a ?key ?role ?in improving?wetland?ecological?water?supplement?work,?and?provided?a?new?idea?for?water-saving?by?suppressing evaporation?of?floating?photovoltaic?redistribution.