针对现有的水工程调度研究缺乏考虑温室气体管控目标，构建面向温室气体管控的水工程多目标优化调度 模型。采用第二代非支配排序遗传算法（Nondominated?Sorting?Genetic?Algorithm-II，NSGA-Ⅱ）高效求解调度模型， 推求考虑温室气体管控、水华防控与发电调度目标的 Pareto 前沿解集，解析调度目标之间的协同与竞争关系，以 汉江中下游 2017—2021 年枯水期的水华事件为实例开展相关研究。结果表明：温室气体管控目标同水华防控、 发电调度目标均呈现竞争关系；相比常规调度方案，优化调度方案可增加发电量 0.3 亿 kW·h（增幅 4.5%）、可减少 温室气体净排放 CO2当量 1.56?Gg（减幅 1.2%），协调方案的三目标效益均更优；协调方案可有效提升水工程综合 效益。研究成果可为实现碳减排与河流水环境水生态保障调控提供技术支撑。

In ?the ?context ?of ?global ?climate ?change, ?greenhouse ?gas ?emissions ?from ?water ?projects ?are ?received increasing?attention.?The?impoundment?of?water?projects?submerges?soil?and?vegetation,?causing?the?degradation?of the?inner?organic?matter?to?produce?greenhouse?gases?(CO2,?CH4,?N2O)?and?discharge?them?into?the?atmosphere.?The drawdown?area?which?is?repeatedly?flooded?and?exposed?affected?by?the?regulation?of?water?projects?is?also?a?"hot spot"?for?producing?greenhouse?gases,?while?the?organic?carbon?buried?in?the?sediment?of?water?bodies?can?store atmospheric?CO2?thus?forming?carbon?sinks?in?the?short?or?long?term.?The?assessment?of?greenhouse?gas?flux?of water?projects?is?a?research?hotspot,?and?the?existing?monitored?data?can?be?used?for?research. ??????The?middle?and?lower?reaches?of?the?Hanjiang?River?are?important?ecological?and?economic?zones,?and?the development?of?society?has?damaged?the?health?of?the?rivers?in?this?area,?for?example?more?than?ten?algal?bloom outbreaks?have?occurred?so?far,?which?is?not?conducive?to?the?high-quality?development?of?the?basin.?A?rational operation ?of ?water ?projects ?is ?beneficial ?for ?alleviating ?algal ?bloom ?outbreaks ?and ?reducing ?greenhouse ?gas emissions.?In?order?to?effectively?improve?the?ecological?environment?and?ensure?high-quality?development?of?the watershed,?multi-objective?optimization?operation?research?is?always?carried?out?to?explore?the?optimal?operation mode ?of ?water ?projects. ?However, ?most ?of ?the ?existing ?researches ?focused ?on ?ecological ?indicators ?such ?as ecological?water?demand,?ecological?flow?change?degree,?fish?habitat,?and?algal?bloom?prevention?and?control, lacking ?the ?consideration ?of ?greenhouse ?gas ?emissions. ?In ?this ?case ?a ?multi-objective ?optimization ?model ?that comprehensively?considered?power?generation,?algal?bloom?prevention?and?control,?and?greenhouse?gas?emission control?was?established?to?explore?the?optimal?operation?mode?of?water?projects. ??????To ?solve ?the ?multi-objective ?problems, ?more ?and ?more ?researchers ?are ?using ?evolutionary ?optimization algorithms,?among?which?the?non-dominated?sorting?genetic?algorithm?(NSGA-II)?with?elite?strategy?is?the?most representative,?which?can?reduce?the?computational?complexity?of?non-dominated?sorting?methods,?has?advantages such?as?fast?running?speed?and?good?convergence?of?solution?sets,?and?has?been?widely?used?in?the?field?of?multi- objective?optimization?of?reservoir?operation.?Therefore,?the?NSGA-II?algorithm?was?used?to?solve?the?proposed model. ??????The?results?show?that?the?objective?of?greenhouse?gas?emission?control?was?in?a?competitive?relationship?with both?the?objective?of?power?generation?and?algal?bloom?prevention?and?control.?Compared?with?the?conventional operation?scheme,?the?optimal?operation?schemes?can?achieve?improvement?in?some?indicators.?Among?the?three optimal?operation?schemes,?the?compromised?scheme?can?achieve?improvement?of?all?the?indicators,?indicating?the effectiveness?of?the?proposed?model.?The?analysis?of?the?operation?process?during?typical?events?reveals?a?close relationship?between?greenhouse?gas?emissions?and?water?level?fluctuations. ??????Using?the?established?model,?the?net?greenhouse?gas?emissions?of?water?projects?during?the?operation?period were?estimated,?and?an?optimal?operation?scheme?which?can?achieve?better?benefits?compared?to?the?conventional operation?scheme?was?found.?The?results?can?provide?technical?support?for?achieving?the?optimal?operation?of?water projects,?reducing?greenhouse?gas?emissions,?and?repairing?the?ecological?environment?of?rivers.