以内蒙古高原浑善达克沙地内骏马湖水下地形测绘数据为基础，构建湖泊结构特征曲线；基于遥感数据提 取 1991—2021 年骏马湖面积，反演出 30 年来其水位与容积的演化特征；建立其水量平衡方程，定量分析降水、蒸 发和地下水补给量等水量平衡要素的变化趋势及相互作用模式，识别出不同阶段湖泊萎缩的主控因素。计算结 果显示：骏马湖容量由 1991 年的 1?450 万 m3波动下降至 2021 年的 380 万 m3，年均变化率为?34 万 m3/a，降水量、 蒸发量和地下水补给量均呈现减少趋势，年均变化率分别为?10 万、?7 万和?5 万 m3/a。2006 年前，湖泊呈微弱的 负均衡状态；2006 年后，地下水补给量显著减少，导致湖泊水量负均衡加剧、萎缩速率加快。结果表明：2006 年前， 气候暖干化是导致湖泊萎缩的主要因素；2006 年至今，流域地下水资源大量开采导致湖泊水量失衡，人类活动成 为湖泊萎缩的主控因子。降低地下水资源开发利用量，提高水资源利用效率，可有效减缓浑善达克沙地湖泊群的 萎缩退化进度。

As?an?integral?part?of?the?terrestrial?hydrosphere,?lakes?play?an?indispensable?role?in?regional?water?cycle, water?balance?and?water?resources?regulation.?Due?to?the?different?climatic?conditions?and?human?activities,?the causes?of?lake?shrinkage?in?different?time?and?space?are?significantly?different.?The?Hunshandake?Sandy?Land?is located?in?the?eastern?part?of?Inner?Mongolia.?Due?to?its?unique?geographical?pattern?and?climatic?characteristics,?the predecessors?have?carried?out?a?lot?of?research?on?this?area.?However,?most?of?the?previous?studies?focused?on climate?change?and?ecological?stability,?and?only?a?small?amount?of?research?focused?on?lake?area?and?water?volume. And?the?studies?are?mainly?concentrated?before?2015,?and?there?is?a?lack?of?research?on?the?recent?Hunshandake?in the?current?new?state.?In?particular,?there?is?a?lack?of?research?on?the?changes?of?water?balance?factors?based?on?the water ?balance ?model ?and ?the ?quantitative ?analysis ?of ?human ?activities ?and ?climate ?change ?on ?lake ?evolution. Therefore,?it?is?of?great?significance?to?reveal?the?mechanism?of?shrinkage?and?degradation?of?lakes?in?Hunshandake Sandy?Land?of?Inner?Mongolia?Plateau?for?the?protection?and?restoration?of?lakes?in?Hunshandake?Sandy?Land. ??????Based?on?Landsat?TM?/?ETM?+,?the?lake?area?of?Junma?Lake?from?1991?to?2021?was?extracted.?Combined?with DEM?data?and?field?elevation?point?test,?the?water?depth-area-volume?curve?of?Junma?Lake?was?established?to calculate?the?lake?water?volume.?Based?on?the?meteorological?data,?the?water?balance?model?of?Junma?Lake?from 1991 ?to ?2021 ?was ?established. ?The ?variation ?characteristics ?of ?water ?balance ?factors ?such ?as ?precipitation, evaporation?and?runoff?are?quantitatively?analyzed,?the?interaction?between?income?items?and?expenditure?items?and their?impact?on?lake?water?volume?changes?is?analyzed,?the?impact?of?climate?change?and?human?activities?on?lake water?volume?changes?at?different?stages?is?analyzed,?and?the?main?control?factors?of?lake?water?volume?changes?at different?stages?are?determined.?The?research?results?can?provide?basis?and?support?for?regional?lake?evolution?and ecological?protection. ??????The?results?show?that?the?lake?water?volume?decreases?from?1?450?×?104?m3?in?1991?to?380?×?104?m3?in?2021, with?an?average?annual?change?rate?of??34?×?104?m3/a.?The?regional?precipitation,?evaporation?and?groundwater recharge?all?show?a?decreasing?trend,?with?an?average?annual?change?rate?of??10?×?104?m3/a,??7?×?104?m3/a?and??5?× 104?m3/a,?respectively.?Before?2006,?the?lake?recharge?and?discharge?showed?a?weak?negative?equilibrium;?after 2006,?due?to?the?significant?reduction?of?groundwater?recharge,?the?negative?balance?of?lake?water?increased?and?the shrinkage?rate?accelerated. ??????The?results?show?that:?before?2006,?climate?warming?and?drying?was?the?main?factor?leading?to?lake?shrinkage; after?2006,?the?large-scale?exploitation?of?groundwater?resources?affected?the?lake?recharge,?and?human?activities became ?the ?main ?controlling ?factor ?of ?lake ?shrinkage. ?Rational ?development ?and ?utilization ?of ?groundwater resources?and?improvement?of?water?resources?utilization?efficiency?can?alleviate?the?shrinkage?and?degradation?of lake?wetlands?in?Hunshandake?Sandy?Land?to?a?certain?extent.