为探讨低影响开发（low?impact?development，LID）设施对缓解城市洪涝灾害以及削减污染负荷的效果，选取 绿色屋顶、雨水花园、透水铺装和雨水罐 4 种 LID 设施，通过构建暴雨洪水管理模型（storm?water?management model，SWMM），并根据实际地形和管网走向将研究区汇水面分为不同分区，分析 LID 设施组合在 7 种布设方案 下对径流控制和雨水污染负荷减排的影响。结果表明：对于 7 种布设方案，LID 设施组合均能有效削减径流量和 雨水污染负荷，且分区布设时，LID 设施组合在上中游分区对径流量的控制效果较好；在相同设计降雨重现期下， 各布设方案的削减效果依次为全区>上中游分区>中下游分区>上下游分区>下游分区>中游分区>上游分区；LID 设施组合布设在下游分区时的径流量削减率较布设在上游分区提升 5.19%～6.82%，布设在上中游分区较布设在 上下游分区提升 1.87%～3.62%，较布设在下游分区提升 16.48%~18.97%；LID 设施组合全区布设较布设在下游分区 提升 29.60%～31.17%，较布设在上中游分区提升 12.20%～13.12%。因此，在海绵城市规划建设之前建议全区按需 布设 LID 设施，在进行老旧小区改造时可着重考虑将 LID 设施布设在上中游分区。

To?investigate?the?effect?of?low?impact?development?(LID)?facilities?on?alleviating?urban?flood?disaster and?reducing?pollution?load,?four?kinds?of?LID?facilities?were?selected,?including?green?roof,?rainwater?garden, permeable?pavement?and?rainwater?tank.?By?constructing?the?SWMM?model,?the?catchment?surface?was?divided?into different ?partitions ?according ?to ?the ?actual ?terrain ?and ?pipe ?network ?direction. ?The ?influence ?of ?LID ?facility combination?on?runoff?control?and?rainwater?pollution?load?under?the?seven?layout?schemes?was?analyzed,?the?results showed?that?the?LID?facility?combination?could?effectively?reduce?the?runoff?and?rainwater?pollution?load?for?the seven?layout?schemes,?and?the?LID?facility?combination?has?a?better?control?effect?on?the?runoff?in?the?upstream?and midstream?areas.?Under?the?same?design?rainfall?return?period,?the?reduction?effect?of?each?layout?scheme?was?as follows: ?the ?whole ?area ?> ?upstream ?and ?midstream ?areas ?> ?midstream ?and ?downstream ?areas ?> ?upstream ?and downstream ?areas ?> ?downstream ?area ?> ?midstream ?area ?> ?upstream ?area. ?The ?runoff ?reduction ?rate ?in ?the downstream?area?was?5.19%?-?6.82%?higher?than?the?upstream?area,?the?upstream?and?midstream?areas?were?1.87%- 3.62%?higher?than?the?upstream?and?downstream?areas,?and?16.48%-18.97%?higher?than?the?downstream?area.?When the?whole?area?was?deployed,?it?was?29.60%-31.17%?higher?than?the?downstream?area?and?12.20%?-13.12%?higher than ?the ?upstream ?and ?midstream ?areas.Therefore, ?before ?the ?planning ?and ?construction ?of ?sponge ?city, ?it ?was suggested?that:?the?LID?facilities?should?be?set?up?on?demand?in?the?whole?area;?in?the?transformation?of?old residential?areas,?the?LID?facilities?could?be?emphatically?considered?in?the?upstream?and?midstream?areas.