现阶段对国家水网的基础理论认知与系统性研究还较为薄弱，在很大程度上制约了国家水网的科学规划和 建设。为此，从国家水网的基础认知入手，分析网、水网和国家水网的基本概念，从水网结构、承载物、演进规律、 功能作用、类型划分等主要特征初步探索水网的基础性问题；提出以实现健康水循环为核心目标，以促进六大均 衡为基本准则和“确有需要、生态安全、可以持续”为重大工程论证原则的水网建设目标准则；展望未来水网发展 “六化”新趋势，以期在理论层面为科学构建国家水网提供支撑。

At the present stage, the basic theoretical knowledge and systematic research on national water network is still weak, which largely restricts the scientific planning and construction of national water network. To this end, the basic concepts of network, water network and national water network are analysed from the basic cognition of national water network. The basic problems of water network are initially explored in terms of the main features such as water network structure, bearers, evolutionary laws, functional roles, and type division. The target guidelines was putforward for the construction of water network with the core objective of realising a healthy water cycle, the promotion of the six balances as the basic guideline, and the principles of "real need, ecological safety, and sustainability" for the demonstration of major projects. A new trend in the construction of future water networks is envisaged, with a view to providing support for the scientific construction of national water networks at the theoretical level.