针对引汉济渭工程秦岭引水隧洞岭北段频繁产生岩爆灾害、原支护结构破坏等问题，对秦岭引水隧洞岭北 段进行地质勘测调查，分析隧道围岩岩爆破坏特征及破坏模式，开展超深隧洞岩爆三维负泊松比（negative Poisson’s?ration，NPR）高应力补偿支护体系研究工作。采用现场勘查等方法，对隧道地质条件及岩爆破坏成因进 行分析，并采用对比试验的思想设计出秦岭引水隧洞岭北段岩爆监测预警试验方案，提出以微观 NPR 锚杆为核心 的三维 NPR 高应力补偿支护体系；通过现场试验分析新支护体系下围岩岩爆控制程度及其支护效果。结果表明： 以微观 NPR 锚杆为核心的三维 NPR 高应力补偿支护体系能有效控制隧道围岩岩爆灾害发生，新支护体系试验段 微震能量、频次均明显降低，爆坑深度、钢拱架受力和变形量明显减小。研究成果可为超深隧道岩爆灾害的防治 提供参考。

The Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Water Diversion Project area has more tectonic development such as folds and ruptures, and a series of long joints and joint-intensive zones have been developed in the area, which are generally low in the north and high in the south, with gullies and ravines, so rockburst disasters and damage to the original support structure are frequently generated in this section. Therefore, the study on the water diversion project geological survey, analysis of the tunnel surrounding rock explosion damage characteristics and damage patterns is necessary to carry out ultra-deep tunnel rock explosion three-dimensional NPR high-stress compensation support system for early warning and prevention of rock explosion disaster.Using on-site investigation and other methods, the geological conditions of the tunnel and the causes of rockburst damage were analyzed, and comparative testing was carried out to design a rockburst monitoring and early warning test scheme for the northern section of the project area, and a three-dimensional NPR high-stress compensatory support system with the microscopic NPR anchors as the core was put forward. The degree of rockburst control of the surrounding rocks under the new support system and its support effect were analyzed through on-site testing.Field test results show that the three-dimensional NPR high-stress compensation support system with microscopic NPR anchors as the core can force the excavated surrounding rock in the north section of the tunnel to return to the three-dimensional stress state from the two-dimensional stress state employing high constant resistance stress compensation. The use of good mechanical properties of microscopic NPR anchors on the surrounding rock with high constant resistance, and fast pre-tensioning of timely active support, resulting in the application of microscopic NPR anchors in the research section of the micro-seismic energy, frequency are significantly reduced, the number and depth of the burst crater is significantly reduced, the surrounding rock is in a stable state, and the effect of the support and rock explosion control is remarkable.Through on-site exploration and related experiments, it can be seen that the north section of the project area is a super-deep tunnel with complex geological conditions, which is affected by the tectonic stress, and the rock in the area is prone to stress concentration and rockburst phenomena, such as spalling, ejecting, and throwing. The use of traditional small deformation anchors and multi-layer steel arch rigid primary support systems can not effectively prevent the rock explosion disaster, resulting in the frequent occurrence of rock explosions. Based on the theory of excavation stress compensation, put forward to the microscopic NPR anchors as the core of the three-dimensional NPR high-stress compensation support system, combined with on-site monitoring data analysis, the project section of the monitoring and early warning test section in the application of microscopic NPR anchors, micro-earthquake energy, frequency is significantly reduced. The integrity of the surrounding rock improves the depth of the explosion pit, the steel arch frame force and deformation are reduced, the rock explosion disaster has been effectively controlled, and the support effect is remarkable.