厘清生产-生活-生态空间（简称“三生空间”）质量的耦合规律，测算并分析城市群综合承载力，能够为承载力提升提供新思路，并为城市群可持续发展提供决策参考。基于三生空间视角，选取9个维度共27个指标构建综合承载力评价指标体系，运用熵值法确定指标权重，通过综合承载力测算模型对2001—2020年黄河沿线城市群承载力进行测算，并使用ArcGIS工具进行空间差异性分析，运用灰色关联度模型识别综合承载力的关键影响因素。结果表明：黄河沿线城市群综合承载力空间分异特征显著，整体呈现出三级梯度分布；中度承载力和高度承载力城市比例不变，保持在29.31%和12.07%，较高承载力城市比例由24.14%增加到29.31%，发展态势较好；各个城市群综合承载力关键影响因素存在差异，总体上集中于经济发展、生活服务、社会保障、生态压力、生态治理5个维度。黄河沿线城市群在未来发展过程中应注重产业经济与资源环境的协同发展，社会保障和服务设施配套建设，以促进生产-生活-生态空间质量的全面提升，并针对综合承载力不同梯队的城市群采用精准性治理措施，以全面实现黄河流域的生态保护和高质量发展。

Under the background of globalization and urbanization, urban agglomeration has become one of the important engines to promote economic growth and social development. As one of China's important urban agglomerations and a spatial carrier for promoting ecological civilization construction, the Yellow River basin plays a prominent role in China's overall economic development, social stability and opening-up. However, compared with other regions, the resources, environment and economic and social development conditions of the urban agglomeration along the Yellow River are more unbalanced, and the spatial layout of urban construction is unreasonable, which leads to the higher vulnerability of the urban agglomeration and the lower comprehensive carrying capacity.