水库-湖泊系统防洪排涝调度本质是大系统、多目标非线性优化问题,直接建模求解效率低且解集过大。研究针对水库-湖泊系统防洪排涝的问题提出超额洪量的概念以及大、中、小不同量级与空间组成的洪水超额洪量分配原则,将防洪排涝多目标优化问题转化为单目标优化问题,构建了基于超额洪量分配的水库-湖泊系统防洪排涝联合调度模型。以巢湖流域为例,选取历史典型洪水过程进行模拟与验证,与调度规则调度结果相比:(1)超额洪量较小的洪水,实现了水库、湖泊蓄洪安全均衡,并提升了排洪量；(2)中等超额洪量的洪水,有效控制了湖泊最高水位不超警戒水位,降低了水位超警历时；(3)超额洪量较大的洪水,降低了湖泊最高水位,可缩减流域淹没范围。研究可为水库-湖泊系统防洪排涝联合调度提供了一种新建模与求解方法。

The flood control and drainage scheduling of reservoirs-lake systems is a large-scale, multi-objective nonlinear optimization problem which solving models often face challenges of inefficiency and large solutions. To address these issues, this study introduces the concept of excess flood volume and proposes principles for its allocation across different scales of flood and spatial distributions within the system. This approach transforms the multi-objective optimization problem into a single-objective one, establishing a joint flood control and drainage scheduling model for reservoirs-lake systems based on the allocation of excess flood. Using the Chaohu Lake Basin as a case study, historical flood events were simulated and validated. The results of model show that: (1) For floods with excess volumes, it balanced flood storage between the reservoirs and lake and enhanced flood discharge capacity; (2) For medium-sized excess flood volumes, it effectively controlled the lake"s maximum water level, preventing it from exceeding the warning level and reducing the duration of water level exceedance; (3) For floods with larger excess volumes, it lowered the lake"s peak water level, reducing the extent of the inundation area in the basin. The model outperforms scheduling rules in floods regulation, providing a novel approach to modeling and solving joint flood control and drainage scheduling for reservoirs-lake systems.

国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3000104)；国家自然科学(52279010；52322902)；水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022001；SKS-2022013；SKS-2022124)