Experimental Study on the Effects of Box-shaped Culvert on the Characteristics of Water and Sediment of Riverbed
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Abstract:
A physical model based on the background of culvert crossing the Zhang River was used to investigate the impacts of box-shaped culvert on the characteristics of water and sediment of riverbed under the conditions of once-in-three-year flood and once-in-fifty-year flood. The water levels along the river, velocities on the cross-sections in the upstream and downstream reaches of box-shaped culvert, and the local scouring in the downstream reach of box-shaped culvert were measured. The results showed that (1) under the conditions of once-in-three-year flood and once-in-fifty-year flood, there is a small amount of backwater in the upstream reach of box-shaped culvert, and the maximum heights of backwater are 0.57 m and 0.3 m, respectively; (2) the mean velocities at the cross-sections in the upstream reach of box-shaped culvert are lower than those without the culvert, and the transverse velocity distribution becomes smoother with the existence of culvert; (3) the velocity in the central of river is higher than that at the left and right river banks in the upstream face; (4) the mean velocities at the cross-section of CS8 downstream of the culvert are 1.8 m/s and 3.7m/s, respectively, which are similar to those without the culvert; and (5) under the condition of once-in-three-year flood, a stable hydraulic jump can form behind the culvert with a Froude number of 4.52, which results in low local scouring of riverbed at the cross-section of CS6 downstream of the culvert with an average scour depth of 0.5 m. The conclusions suggested that the box-shaped culvert has good hydraulic conditions.
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