Safe distance for upstream sand mining from river-crossing structures
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Abstract:
Sand mining in a river is a huge threat to the safety of nearby river-crossing structures. To determine how far a sand mining project would threaten the nearby river-crossing structures, we firstly reviewed the standards about sand mining. Based on theoretical research and physical experiments on sand pit migration and its impact on riverbed, this paper proposed an empirical formula to determine the safe distance for upstream sand mining from river-crossing structures. Based on hydraulic parameters, characteristics of sediment, and the size and geometry of the pit, the proposed formula can calculate the migration of sand pit, and then determine the safe distance. This formula was verified using the observation data in an actual river and the results were acceptable. Finally, the formula was applied to determine the safe distance for the inverted siphon project in Anyang River as a case study, and to provide a reasonable guide for sand mining activities along the river.
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