Agriculture virtual flow and its impacts on regional water resources in BeijingTianjinHebei region
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Abstract:
The water resources security has always been a research hotspot.It is important to understand the utilization of water resources,as well as the sustainable use of water resources from production to consumption.Based on the perspectives of agriculture virtual water,this paper estimated the regional virtual water production from irrigation water and green water,and resident agriculture virtual water consumption from resident dietary consumption,and explored the flow characteristics of agriculture virtual water and its impacts on regional water resource with the production consumption mode in the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region.The results showed that:(1)During 2004-2015,the average annual production of virtual water was 35 31 billion m3,229 billion m3,160 billion m3 in Hebei,Tianjin and Beijing,respectively,and the annual average production of virtual water for livestock products was 2909 billion m3,240 billion m3,179 billion m3.Hebei and Tianjin's crop virtual water showed a downward trend but the trend was not statistically significant.Beijing's crop production virtual water appeared a downward trend.The virtual water of livestock products in Hebei and Tianjin showed anincreasing trend in the early period,then a decreasing trend,and finally a stable but continuous downward trend in Beijing.(2)During 2004-2015,the average annual virtual water consumption in Hebei,Tianjin and Beijing was 3437 billion m3,616 billion m3,and 983 billion m3,respectively.Those virtual water consumption all showed an upward trend.(3)Hebei Province exported virtual water,and its output showed a significant downward trend.Beijing and Tianjin were importers of virtual water,and their importing volumes were increasing.(4)The annual average water stress index presented a Hebei>Tianjin>Beijing pattern,water scarcity index Tianjin>Beijing>Hebei,and water self sufficiency rate Hebei>Tianjin>Beijing from 2004 to 2015.Beijing and Tianjin increasingly depended on external virtual water inputs.Beijing Tianjin Hebei are facing water shortage problems aswater resources were seriously overexploited.Improving agricultural water use efficiency,optimizing planting structure,and guiding rational dietary structures,and taking both production and consumption into account,are key countermeasures to solve the water problems in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region.
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