Influences of the tunnel slope on the hydraulic characteristics of the side inlet/outlet

The side inlet/outlet of pumped storage power station has bidirectional flow characteristics.The shape parameters of the side inlet/outlet have a great influence on its hydraulic characteristics,though the layout of the connected water conveyance tunnel will also affect the hydraulic characteristics of the side inlet/outlet.If the layout of the water conveyance tunnel is not reasonable,it may lead to hydraulic characteristics adverse to the inlet/outlet.The paper investigated the influences of different tunnel slope on the hydraulic characteristics of the inlet/outlet on the condition of outflow using the turbulence model of RSM for a side inlet/outlet,given that the shape of the inlet and outlet remained the same. then The condition of outflow included the flow pattern,non-uniformity of flow velocity,the head loss coefficient and the flow distribution.The results showed that when the tunnel slope equaled the vertical diffusion angle of the diffusion section,the flow pattern in the inlet/outlet could be improved.The range and volume ratio of the reverse-flow velocity area was the smallest,non-uniformity coefficient of flow velocity and the head loss coefficient were the smallest.Therefore,when the vertical diffusion angle of the inlet/outlet diffusing section was not large and each tunnel slope satisfied the topography and geological conditions,the tunnel slope was equal to the vertical diffusion angle of the diffusing section to obtain better hydraulic characteristics.

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