Causes of excessive use of chemical fertilizer and its impacts on China′s water environment security
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Abstract:
China is the largest consumer of chemical fertilizer in the world,with high application intensity and low utilization efficiency.In this study,we analyzed the data of China′s chemical fertilizer consumption amount and application intensity,and compared them with the situation of major developed countries.The results are as follows:In the recent 30 years, the amount of agricultural fertilizer applied in China increased by 3.4 times,and the application intensity of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was 3-5 times of that in developed countries,but the utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizer was less than 50% of that in developed countries.The overuse of chemical fertilizer has caused water environment problems such as eutrophication of surface water and nitrate contamination of groundwater.The excessive use of chemical fertilizer has led to non-point source pollution.Its main causes are the over reliance of agricultural production on chemical fertilizer and the lack of legal constraints on non-point source pollution.We recommend that the excessive application of chemical fertilizer be controlled by the establishment of a system that encompasses subsides on environmental quality and national agricultural support and protection and linking of land contracting rights to management rights.Public participation should be encouraged to promote consumption upgrading,so that market demands will force agricultural producers to adopt environmental measures and reduce agricultural non-point source pollution;thus,coordinated development of food security and water environment security will be achieved.
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