Hydrochemical characteristics and evolution mechanism of confined groundwater in the north Tacheng Basin
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Abstract:
Based on 81 samplings in August 2015,the characteristics in distribution of total dissolved solids (TDS) and hydrochemical types of confined groundwater in the north Tacheng Basin are identified,and the evolution mechanisms explored from the perspective of evaporation,leaching and ion exchange by applying the hydrochemical analysis methods such as analogue method,Gibbs plot,excess deuterium model,ion ratios,chloro alkaline index and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR).The results show that the confined groundwater with TDS less than 1.0 g/L and HCO3-Ca type water (or HCO3-Ca·Mg type water, HCO3-Ca·Na type water) are widely distributed in the study area.The TDS and hydrochemical types of confined groundwater present horizontal zonation in the direction of groundwater runoff.From recharge area to discharge area of the confined groundwater,the TDS gradually increases,and the hydrochemical type successively transfers from HCO3-Ca type water to SO4HCO3-Ca·Na type water and SO4Ca·Na type water.Hydrochemical composition of the confined groundwater mainly depends upon leaching and ion exchange.In upstream areas,hydrochemical composition of the confined groundwater is mainly affected by dissolution of carbonate mineral and positive cation exchange,while in the midstream and downstream areas,mainly affected by gypsum dissolution.In individual runoff paths,effect of the positive cation exchange on the hdyrochemical composition of groundwater is more significant than that of leaching.
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