Evaluation of water resource utilization efficiency and influencing factors in Henan Province based on DEA and Tobit model
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Abstract:
Water resources are basic natural resources and strategic economic resources.Water resources utilization efficiency reflects the development and utilization of water resources,and improving water resources utilization efficiency can promote the sustainable development of economy and the benign operation of economysocietyecological system.The evaluation of water resources utilization efficiency is the premise and foundation of the efficient and rational utilization of water resources.At present,the evaluation of water resources utilization efficiency lacks further deconstruction of efficiency value and systematic analysis from two angles of relative efficiency and absolute efficiency.Scientific and systematic evaluation of regional water resources utilization efficiency can deeply understand the situation and level of water consumption in the region,and formulate targeted measures for the utilizationof water resources. Henan Province was selected as the typical study area.The labor,fixed asset investment and water consumption of 18 cities in Henan Province from 2009 to 2018 were taken as input indexes,while GDP and sewage discharge were taken as output indexes,the inputoriented SBMDEA model was used to study the relative water resources utilization efficiency of cities in Henan Province,and Malmquist index was used to analyze the absolute water resources utilization efficiency in different cities from two aspects of improvements in efficiency and technological advances.On this basis,the DEA values of each city were taken as the dependent variable,and the per capita water use,per capita GDP,the proportion of primary industry,the proportion of secondary industry,agricultural water consumption and the proportion of agricultural water consumption were taken as independent variables,the crosssectional Tobit regression model was used to analyze the main factors affecting the water resources utilization efficiency. From the analysis of relative efficiency,the overall water resources utilization efficiency of Henan Province is not high,which shows a stable and slow downward trend overall;Zhengzhou is at the forefront of water resources utilization efficiency in Henan Province,and water resources utilization efficiency is the best due to the rapid economic and social development;The central area of Henan Province is close to the provincial capital Zhengzhou,which affects its production technology level;Because of the abundant water conservancy,water resourcesutilization efficiency of the western part of Henan Province is better than that in other areas;the gap of water resources utilization efficiency between regions is gradually decreasing with the passage of time.From the analysis of absolute efficiency,at present,the water resources allocation in Henan Province has been improved,but the application level of water resources technology needs to be strengthened;the technical efficiency index of Henan Province fluctuated steadily over the years,while the technical progress index fluctuated greatly,and the trend highly coincided with the Malmquist index;the average annual growth rate of water resources utilization efficiency in Henan Province is 2.7%,and the average annual growth rate of change index of technological progress is 3.1%;the improvement of technology level is the main factor for the increase of water resources utilization efficiency in Henan Province.The analysis results of the influencing factors of water consumption efficiency show that,the proportion of primary industry and agricultural water are the main factors affecting the water resources utilization efficiency in Henan Province.The increase of the proportion of primary industry will improve the water resources utilization efficiency,while the increase of the proportion of agricultural water will reduce the water resources utilization efficiency . In addition to Zhengzhou,which has fully achieved the DEA effectiveness,other cities still have the insufficiency of water resources utilization efficiency.The space imbalance requires us to take measures according to local conditions and take corresponding measures for different regions.Technological progress is the main factor affecting the growth of water resources utilization efficiency in Henan Province.In the future,the use of hightech products should be increased to improve water resources utilization efficiency.As a large agricultural province,agricultural water consumption is an important link of water consumption in Henan Province.In the future,it is necessary to continue to promote watersaving agricultural production,adjust industrial production structure,and introduce industrial watersaving technology to improve water resources utilization efficiency.
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