Spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of correlation degree of regional water use efficiency
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Abstract:
With only 7% of the global water resources available to feed 22% of the world′s population,China is facing significant challenges from water scarcity.Since 2000,China has entered a stage of rapid development,however,the extensive utilization of water resources has led to low water use efficiency (WUE) which seriously hinders the sustainable development of economy,society and ecological environment.Guangdong,as a developed province in China,has ranked the first in economic aggregate for the last twentyeight years.However,the regional inequality development is still prominent,among which the uneven of water resources exploitation and utilization can not be ignored.Thus,the improvement of spatial equilibrium in WUE is highly needed for solving the problem of uneven spatial distribution of water resources. Time series of panel data were obtained from Guangdong Province from 2004 to 2018,and this dataset is comprised of 21 prefecturelevel cities.The spatiotemporal characteristic of the regional WUE and its spatial correlation degree were explored using constructing gravity model and spatial analysis technique.The multiple regression models were further used to identify the main influencing factors. The water consumption per tenthousandyuan of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the average water consumption per mu for farmland irrigation had relatively strong spatial correlations in Guangdong Province in terms of WUE.The area of high WUE (cold spot) was located in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) while the area of low WUE (hot spot) was located in the north,east and west of Guangdong.Meanwhile,an increasing trend was observed in correlation degree of WUE,among which the highest correlation degree was found in the PRD(with Shenzhen and Dongguan as the core),followed by the east of the province (with Shantou as the core) and the north and west of the province.For the driving factors,it is found that the research and experimental development funds(R&D),urbanization rate,the proportion of secondary and tertiary industry have positive effect on the potential correlation degree of WUE.Furthermore,R&D was found the major driving factor for the increase of the potential correlation degree of WUE over time,while per capita water resources,per capita GDP and the proportion of primary industry performed negative effect on the potential correlation degree of WUE. The spatiotemporal distribution of WUE is uneven in the Guangdong Province.The correlation degree of WUE showed an increasing trend over time,yet spatial variation of the correlation degree of WUE was obvious.Multi-factor interactions are essential for the potential correlation degree of WUE,however,the R&D was found the dominant factor for the changes of the potential correlation degree of WUE
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