Division method and example of riverside groundwater source protection area
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Abstract:
The riverside groundwater source area has both river and groundwater characteristics.Due to the particularity of its location and the complexity of recharge conditions,it is difficult to divide the protection area.In 2018,the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People′s Republic of China issued the Technical Specification for the Division of Drinking Water Source Protection Zones(HJ 338—2018),the regulation only stipulates that the boundary of the protected area should be divided according to the source of river water and the source of groundwater,both of them should be combined as the final boundary of the protected area.Operability does not provide a method and procedure for the classification of riverfront groundwater sources because of their special characteristics. To accurately determine the type of water source area,the land area of the protected area is calculated by empirical formula,and the results of pumping test are used to calculate the parameters of a complete well of phreatic water.The hydraulic gradient of group well is calculated accurately by the iterative operation of the interpolation method.The radius of the protected area is finally calculated with the radius of the empirical value.The analogy and empirical method are used to divide the water area of the protected area,taking into account the surrounding river and the influence of factors such as the distribution of upstream pollution sources,the size of risk sources,and river water quality on the size of the protected area.Finally,the scope of the protected area is revised according to the surrounding terrain and ground conditions. The type of Wangmu water source area is medium and small-sized pore phreatic water source area.The lithology of the phreatic water aquifer is mainly medium-coarse sand.The radius of the land area of the first-class protection area is 66.5 m and that of the-secondclass protection area is 665.0 m.The water area of the first-class protected area divided by analogy and is extended to 1 000 m to the upper reaches and 100 m to the lower reaches of the Hutuo River.The water area of the second-class protected area extends 2 000 m to the upper reaches of the Hutuo River and 770 m to the lower reaches of the first-class protected area. Conclusions (1) The investigation of the basic environmental conditions of the riverside groundwater sources and the nearby rivers is an important prerequisite for the division of the protection zones,and the flow direction and velocity of groundwater and surface water should be fully considered,according to the distribution of pollution sources,the migration and diffusion of pollutants,the pollution source type and risk grade can be determined accurately.(2) Taking into full account the hydrogeological characteristics of the region,combining with the geomorphological features and genetic analysis of the rivers near the region,comprehensively utilizing the information of well structure map and hydrogeological section map,etc.,accurately judging the type of riverfront groundwater source area.(3) When choosing the method of the protection zone division of riverfront groundwater source area,the relationship between groundwater and river and the influence of groundwater exploitation on the quality and quantity of river water are fully considered.The radius of the protected area is calculated by the empirical formula method and the land area is divided,and the water area is divided by the analogy empirical method,the combination of the two methods is suitable for the division of the groundwater source protection area near the river,which is closely connected with the surrounding rivers.(4) The definition of the scope of the riverside groundwater source protection area should be based on the actual situation of the topography and topography of the area,the distribution of pollution sources,the flow direction of groundwater and surface water,etc.,to facilitate the daily environmental management of the protected area,the boundary of the union area divided by the rivertype water source and the groundwatertype water source is revised,wherever possible,clearly marked features should be used as the boundary of the protected area.
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