Analysis on variation characteristics and influencing factors of water quantity and quality of ponds in Hebei low plain
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Abstract:
Hebei low plain (HLP) is one of the most important grain production bases in China.But,it is facing a shortage of freshwater resources problem from a long time.Ponds are important facilities for regulating and storing rainwater and flood resources in HLP area,and the utilization of pond water has attracted increasingly attention.With the continuous development in remote sensing technology,it is frequently applied to extract and analyse the water bodies such as ponds and wetlands,and it is main research means to study the temporal and spatial changes of pond water.However,there are few comprehensive studies on the quantity and quality of pond water at present.For HLP,the utilization value of unconventional pond water remains to be further studied. Cangzhou was taleen as a typical area of HLP.The quantity of the pond water in May and October of 1990,2000,2010,and 2019 in Cangzhou city were analyzed by the remote sensing technology,and the pond water was extracted using the MNDWI (modified normalized difference water index) method.Based on location monitoring of typical pond and regional sampling,the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of water quality of the ponds in Cangzhou were analyzed by ArcGIS software,the IDW（inverse distance weighted）was used to interpolate the salt content of pond water in the study area.The irrigation guarantee capacity of the pond water in the typical year was evaluated according to the variation characteristics of pond water quantity and quality and the irrigation water requirement characteristics of the main crop in the study area. Most of the water bodies in the ponds were distributed in the eastern region near the Bohai Sea and the northwest near Baiyangdian.The spatial distribution trend of pond water was more in the east and less in the west.From 1990 to 2019,the storage capacity of the pond water in the study area showed a growing trend,which was consistent with the changing trend of the local precipitation，but opposite to the changing trend of water surface evaporation.The salt mass concentration in pond water in eastern Cangzhou was more than 5 g/L,which was not suitable for agricultural irrigation.In the west and south of Cangzhou,the water quality (mass concentration) of ponds was less than 5 g/L,which could be used for agricultural irrigation.In the typical year of 2019,the amount of pond water that can be used for irrigation at the jointing stage and pre-winter of winter wheat was about 511 million m3 and about 533 million m3,respectively.It could guarantee an irrigation area with 6 807 km2 at the winter wheat jointing stage and 7 104 km2 pre-winter,respectively. The spatial distribution of pond water bodies in Cangzhou was roughly in the pattern of more in the east and less in the west.Meanwhile,the salt content of the pond water in the eastern region of the study area was higher than that in the western region.The distance from the Bohai Sea and topography were the main factors affecting the spatial distribution pattern of water quantity and quality of ponds in the study area.In recent 30 years,the water quantity of ponds has generally been increasing.Precipitation and evaporation were the major driving factors affecting the change of pond water quantity in the study area.The average annual water storage of ponds in Cangzhou city has reached 602 million m3.As an agricultural irrigation water source,pond water is of great significance to alleviate the water shortage in HLP area.
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