Evaluation of water ecological civilization construction of Han River basin
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Abstract:
Under climate warming and anthropogenic activities,the hydrological cycle and river flow regime have been significantly altered,challenging the traditional strategies of water resources management.Recently,water ecological environment protection on basin-scale has been paid great attention in China.Most of administrative regions are the key water ecological civilization construction regions,thus,it is urgent to evaluate the water ecological civilization construction at a river basin scale.Han River basin is the first pilot of the most stringent water resource management basin,and water source area of the Middle Route South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China.The basin governed by 14 administrative regions (or cities) is selected as evaluation units,and a multi-system,multi-landform and multi-scale indicator characterization method based on the characteristics of the water ecological civilization of the basin is developed. The evaluation indexes for water ecological civilization basin is based on the evaluation guide of water ecological civilization construction.The selection guideline is based on upper,middle and lower reaches of the basin and single landform to multiple landforms,that can not only reflect the characteristics of regional features but also grasp the overall situation.After comprehensive consideration,the evaluation index system of water ecological civilization construction was established at an administrative region scale.This system is characterized by natural and social sub-systems,three basin geomorphologic units (mountains,plains,and water area),and six human-water interaction units (water security,water ecology,water environment,water saving,water supervision,and water culture) and 25 indicators. To avoid the one-sidedness of the single weighting method,the merging weights were estimated by employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and entropy method.The main steps are as follows:calculate the subjective weights of indexes based on the AHP;calculate the objective weights of indexes based on the entropy method;calculate the merging weights of the indexes.The subjective weight of indexes based on the AHP was determined by the personal experience of experts,and the objective weight indexes by entropy method were determined by evaluating the relative importance with consideration of experts′ experiences,and the merging weights were the combination of the above two weights.The synthesized method was proposed according to the advantage and disadvantages of subjective and objective ways of giving weight. The degree of water ecological civilization construction in 2017 was evaluated by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and gray relational analysis methods.The research data were mainly collected from official government documents such as the water resources bulletin,environmental quality bulletin,statistical bulletin of national economic and social development,land and resources bulletin,statistical yearbook,and departmental reports of the three provinces (Shanxi,Henan,Hubei) and the administrative regions.Jenks natural fault classification method was adopted to divide the indexes into five levels that are excellent,good,medium,poor and worse to compare the degree of water ecological civilization construction in each unit.The results show that the water ecological civilization construction in Han River basin highly depends on social properties with a correlation coefficient of 0.844,thus exhibiting a spatial pattern that their developments in the middle and lower reaches are far superior to those in the upper reaches.Among the social elements,water security,water environment and water-saving are the key factors affecting water ecological civilization construction.These results are expected to provide rich information as references for the construction and planning of Han River ecological economic belt.
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