Groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and cause analysis in an arid and semiarid-area
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Abstract:
The sustainable use of groundwater in arid and semi-arid regions is related to regional ecological security and food security.However,with the rapid development of social and economic construction,the exploitation of groundwater resources is significantly increased,which made severe water supply shortage.Likewise,the water resource problem caused by the water quality crisis are more serious than the reduction of water quantity.Carrying out research on groundwater chemistry in arid and semi-arid areas not only had important academic significance for clarifying the origin and formation of groundwater but also had important value for scientific and reasonable regional groundwater development and protection of groundwater resources. This research took Wulagai area of Inner Mongolia as the research area,and comprehensively utilized water stoichiometric analysis,multivariate statistical analysis,spatial statistical analysis,and redox analysis to carry out regional groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and causes. The results showed that the groundwater hydrochemical characteristics had significant spatial zoning characteristics.There were certain differences in the water chemistry of deep and shallow groundwater in different regions.The shallow groundwater in Zone 1 was Ca-HCO3 pattern (40%),the deep groundwater was Ca-HCO3 (38%) and Na-HCO3 patterns (38%);shallow groundwater in Zone 2 was also Ca-HCO3 pattern (57%),and deep water chemistry patterns had Ca-HCO3 (54%) and Na-HCO3 patterns (45%) .The types of water chemistry in Zone 3 were relatively diverse.The shallow groundwater was mainly a Ca-Mg-Na-HCO3 pattern (37%),other types were also distributed,and the deep groundwater was Ca-Na-HCO3 pattern (29%),respectively. Waterrock interaction was the main factor controlling the evolution of water chemistry in the study area,and there were still certain differences in different regions and stratifications.Among them,zone 3 was also affected by evaporation,concentration and ion exchange.The weathering of silicate rock was the main controlling effect in the water-rock interaction,followed by the dissolution of carbonate rock,and the influence of evaporite was relatively weak,which matched the regional geological background.Furthermore,factor analysis showed that human activities were also an important factor affecting the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater.There was a certain amount of nitrate pollution in groundwater.Spatial analysis showed that nitrate in the whole area was a typical random distribution pattern,and there was no discrete and aggregation effect at the pollution point,which indicated that the regional dispersion of agriculture,animal husbandry and human activities become an important point source of groundwater nitrate pollution.Redox analysis showed that there was a potential denitrification trend in the area.The results provided a scientific basis and technical support for the sustainable development and utilization of groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid areas.
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