Relationship between vegetation change and water resources structure in Minqin oasis
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Abstract:
Minqin oasis is a typical desert oasis in arid area with strong independence. A systematic analysis of the relationship between vegetation change and water resources in Minqin oasis has important reference value for the future construction and development of oasis in the Northwest China. The above key issue is analyzed using the Landsat multispectral remote sensing data and water resource data from 1986 to 2020. These results are as follows.The average vegetation coverage of Minqin oasis is low and its spatial distribution is generally high in the oasis and sparse at the edge of the oasis. Its vegetation coverage was generally stable from 1986 to 2020 with some improvements, and the areas with slight improvement were the largest. The oasis area and vegetation coverage showed a strong linear correlation, which demonstrated the technical rationality of defining oasis by vegetation coverage. For the period of 1986-2020, the area of oasis showed an overall increasing trend, which can be divided into three stages, rapid expansion, maintained in an oversized position, and stabilization.From 1986 to 2020, the total amount of available water resources continued to decrease on the whole, and the process is embodied in three stages, slow decrease, rapid decrease and stabilization. Among them, before 2000, groundwater was mainly exploited for water use, and surface runoff continued to decrease and remained at a low level. From 2000 to 2009, the study area began to gradually reduce groundwater exploitation in a large amount, and at the same time constructed some projects to transfer water from other basins. Therefore, water resources show a trend of rapid reduction of groundwater consumption, gradual increase of surface water, and steady reduction of total water consumption. After 2010, the amount of surface water and groundwater exploitation has gradually stabilized, which is the result of great efforts in governance in recent years. The precipitation shows a fluctuating and slowly increasing trend, which is generally stable, but there will be violent fluctuations in different years, which will have a certain impact on the oasis area.By analyzing the situation in different periods,the basic reasons are found for the different response relationship between oasis area and water resources and the indication function of this response relationship on the development status of oasis is put forward. Specifically, the change of the area of Minqin oasis from 1986 to 2020 was affected by the comprehensive influence of water resources and human factors. In the extensive expansion stage before 2000 and the drastic adjustment stage from 2001 to 2009, the relationship between oasis area and water resources showed high disorder, which was the result of man-made forced intervention. After 2010, the amount of water resources and the area of the oasis showed a good response relationship, which is also a reflection of the good development status of the oasis. In addition, the response relationship between precipitation and oasis area can also be verified at a reliable level. The data analysis of the benign development stage of Minqin oasis since 2010 shows that, with the current conditions and level of Minqin oasis, every additional 100 million m 3 of water resources can maintain an oasis area of 277 km 2 and a certain amount of attached ecological restoration areas. Compared with other current research results, the conclusions of this paper are more valuable. This is a preliminary quantitative reference for the bearing capacity of water resources to the scale of oasis when large-scale water transfer to Northwest China and then large-scale development of oases are carried out in the future.
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