Response of microbial communities to sewage treatment plant discharge in urban river sediments: A case study of Zao River in Xi′an
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Abstract:
Wastewater discharged from sewage treatment plants (STPs) may affect the structure and function of microbial communities in the sediment of receiving water body. The response of sediment microbial community in Zao River (Xi′an, China) to STPs discharge was investigated by 16S rRNA sequencing technology and bioinformatic analysis. The results revealed that Proteobacteria , Cyanobacteria , Bacteroides , Firmicutes , Actinobacteria , Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria were the dominant communities in the sediments of Zao River. The obtained sparse curve and species accumulation curve indicated that the sequencing depth and the number of samples were enough to reflect the changes in microbial community richness. The richness and diversity of Zao River community decreased gradually with the inflow of sewage. The difference in microbial community structure between the reaches near the 2nd STP sewage outlet and other river reaches was significant with the marker species being chlamydia . Furthermore, the metabolic pathways enriched in the up-middle-down reaches of the 2nd STP sewage outlet were photosynthesis in energy metabolism (ko00196), bibrio cholerae infection (ko05110), and the biosynthesis of secondary bile acids (ko00121), respectively. In general, nitrite nitrogen and temperature were the most significant environmental factors, accounting for 40.3% of the changes in the whole community. Proteobacteria was positively correlated with salinity, total phosphorus, COD, and pH, and negatively correlated with temperature, total nitrogen and ammonia-nitrogen. Likewise, cyanobacteria was primarily positively correlated with temperature and redox potential, and negatively correlated with pH, nitrate-nitrogen, and total phosphorus. In particular, the microbial communities near 2nd and 9th STP sewage outlets were determined by phosphorus and nitrogen levels, respectively. In conclusion, the altered microbial community structure in the sediments of sewage-receiving rivers can reflect the fluctuation in river water quality and the health of aquatic ecosystems influenced by sewage discharge.
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