Evaluation and application of regional water saving based on water quota
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Abstract:
Water-saving evaluation is an important measure to implement the idea of “water-saving priority, spatial balance, systematic governance, and two-hand efforts”. Research on regional water-saving evaluation mainly focused on the construction of a water-saving evaluation index system, and statistical indexes are mostly used to construct an evaluation index system, which is lacking in effective grading standards. China began to gradually implement water quota management in the 1970s. A comprehensive and systematic water quota system had been established. A set of regional water-saving evaluation index systems composed of typical investigation indexes and statistical analysis indexes were proposed, given the problems that need to be improved in the current water-saving evaluation. A set of water-saving evaluation standards and methods were explored and established, which was combined with the current water quota. It was applied in the water shortage areas of north China to provide a reference for the development of regional water-saving work.The regional water-saving evaluation index system was established, including the agricultural water index, industrial water index, service water index, domestic water index, and comprehensive water index, according to the principle of representativeness, operability, and easy quantification. The agricultural water index includes water consumption per mu of irrigated crops and water efficiency of irrigation. The industrial water consumption index is comprised of water consumption per unit product of industrial enterprise and water consumption of ten thousand yuan industrial added value. The service industry water consumption index is involved in water consumption per unit of a single service industry. The domestic water consumption index includes the domestic water consumption of urban residents, the domestic water consumption of rural residents, and the leakage rate of the public water supply network. The comprehensive water consumption index consists of water consumption of ten thousand yuan gross domestic product and the proportion of unconventional water use. Among them, water consumption per mu of irrigated crops, water consumption per unit product of industrial enterprise, and water consumption per unit service industry are typical survey indexes, and other indexes are statistical analysis indexes.The evaluation standard of regional water-saving was also established and divided into four levels: advanced, good, general and initial, taking the advanced value, the average value of advanced value and general value, and the general value as three nodes. The regional water-saving evaluation results were divided into four grades according to the total score: advanced (≥90 points), good (≥80-<90 points), medium (≥70-<80 points) and initial (<70 points).The regional water-saving evaluation was scored by a percentage system. The weight of each evaluation index was determined by the analytic hierarchy process. The grading standards of each statistical analysis index were established based on data released by the relevant national or local administrative departments, and the full score and actual score of each index were calculated. The grading standards of typical investigation indexes were established based on national or provincial water quota standards. The water consumption per mu of a single crop, the water consumption per unit product of high water consumption industrial enterprise, and the water consumption per unit of a single service industry were obtained through a typical survey, and the full score and actual score of typical survey indexes were calculated. The total score of the regional water-saving evaluation was obtained by adding and summarizing the scores of each evaluation index. The regional water-saving level was got according to the grading standard.The regional water-saving evaluation method based on water quota was applied to Shandong Province, and the scores of the agricultural water use index, industrial water use index, service water use index, domestic water use index, and comprehensive index were 32.70, 24.18, 14.46, 9.40 and 10.40, respectively. The total score of the regional water-saving evaluation was 91.14. The comprehensive evaluation result was an advanced level of water-saving, according to the grading standard of the regional water-saving evaluation index.Shandong Province was short of water resources. The potential of water-saving in the industry was tapped, the water-saving system and mechanism were improved, and the social water-saving c摯畮獳瑣物祯?睳慮獥?慳琠?瑡桳攠?普潨牡敮晣牥潤測琠?潨晲?瑵桧敨?捴潨略渠瑩牭祰??呭桥敮?牡整獩畯汮琠獯?漠晤?瑥桰攠?牡整来楲漭湳慡汶?睮慧琠敡牮?猠慷癡楴湥杲?散癯慮汴畲慯瑬椠潡湣?晩牯潮浳?㈠ご???瑲潥??は?ち?猠桷潡睴敥摲?瑳桡慶瑩?卧栠慬湥摶潥湬朠?偡牳漠癧楥湮捥敲?睬慬獹?楡湴?瑴桨敥?慦摯癲慥湦捲敯摮?眠慯瑦攠牯?獲愠癣楯湵杮?汲敹瘮攠汔??愠湳摣?瑲桥敳?敯癦愠汲略慧瑩楯潮湡?爠敷獡畴汥瑲猭?睡敶物敮?焠略楶瑡敬?捡潴湩獯楮猠瑢敹渠瑵?睩楮瑧栠?瑨桥攠?慥捧瑩畯慮污?猠楷瑡畴慥瑲椭潳湡??呮桧攠?牶敡杬極潡湴慩汯?眠慭瑥整牨?獤愠癢楡湳来?攠癯慮氠畷慡瑴楥潲渠?浳敥琠桱潵摯?扡愠獦敲摯?漠渲‰眱愵琠整牯?焲田漲琰愠?睥慲獥?昹攰愮猰椵戬氠改‰愮渱搴?愠瀹瀰氮椷挳愬戠氹攰???漬眠改瘰攮爹??椠瑡?楤猠?猱琮椱水氬?湲敥捳数獥獣慴物祶?瑬潹?猠瑩畮搠祓?瑡桮敤?睮慧琠敐牲?獶慩癮楣湥朮?敔癨慥氠畷慡瑴楥潲渭?浡敶瑩桮潧搠獥?楡湬?摡楴晩景敮爠敲湥瑳?牬整杳椠潷湥獲?漠晣??桳楩湳慴??整猠瑷慩扴汨椠獴桨?愠?浣畴汵瑡楬?汷敡癴敥汲?捳潡浶灩牮敧栠敳湩獴極癡整?敯癮愠汩畮愠瑴楨潥渠?楶湡摬敵硡?獩祯獮琠敲浥?晩潯牮?慒?睡桳潯汮敡?捬潥甠湥瑶牡祬??慴湩摯?挠潩浮灤慥牸攠?瑹桳整?睭慳琬攠牧?獡慤癩楮湧朠?汴敡癮敤污獲?楳測?摡楮晤映敥牶敡湬瑵?牴敩杯楮漠湭獥?晨牯潤浳?瑡桲敥?瑶楥浲敹?獩敭牰楯敲獴??呴漠?楯浲瀠牲潥癧敩?瑮桡敬?牷敡汴楥慲戭楳污楶瑩祮?漠晬?扶慥獬椠捥?敡癬慵污畴慩瑯楮漮渠?摨慥琠慥??楬瑵?楴獩?獮甠杭杯敤獥瑬攠摣?瑭潢?獮瑩牮敧渠杴瑹桰敩湣?瑬栠敩?浶敥慳獴畩牧敡浴敩湯瑮?潡普?椠湷摡畴獥瑲爠楱慵汯?睡愠瑷敡牳??慲杯牰楯捳略汤琠畴牯愠汥?睡慬瑵敡牴??慴湨摥?獷敡牴癥楲挭敳?睶慩瑮敧爠??慶湥摬?捯潦渠獷瑡慴湥瑲氠祳?慯摲慴灡瑧?琠潡?瑥桡敳?湩敮攠摮獯?潴晨?睃慨瑩敮牡?猠慔癨楥渠杦?llowing conclusions were drawn. The water-saving evaluation index system of water shortage areas in north China was established, which was composed of typical survey indicators and statistical analysis indicators, considering the main factors such as industrial water use and comprehensive water use that affect the regional water-saving level. The water consumption per unit was obtained through typical investigation and effectively combined with regional statistical indicators. Based on the national and provincial water quota standards, the classification standard of the water-saving evaluation index combined with the water quota was constructed, which made the classification more reasonable and eliminated the influence of the classification of each evaluation index on the evaluation result to a certain extent. Total water consumption in Shandong Province from 2011 to 2020 showed a decreasing-increased-decreasing trend. The water structure had not changed significantly. Among them, agricultural water consumption was the largest. It showed a significant downward trend. In recent years, the water efficiency of Shandong Province had been improved through deep water-saving, and the water-saving level of the in
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