Synergistic adjustment of planting structure in terms of water footprint in arid area of northwest China
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Abstract:
Northwest?China?is?a?strategic?reserve?area?for?China’s?agriculture?production.?There?are?many?key agricultural?production?areas?like?“the?northwest?breadbasket（Hexi?Corridor）”，?“the?abundant?place?outside the?Great?Wall?(Ningxia?Plain)”,?and?“the?granary?beyond?the?Great?Wall（Hetao?Plain）”,?produce?12%?of?the country's?grain?with?10%?of?the?country's?water?resources?and?15%?of?the?grain?planting?area.?With?the?rapid growth?of?urbanization?and?regional?trade,?the?pattern?of?grain?transpotation?from?the?north?to?the?south?has?gradually changed,?and?thus?northwest?China's?role?in?ensuring?national?food?security?has?become?increasingly?prominent. However,?northwest?China?is?the?most?water-scarce?place.?The?total?amount?of?water?resources?in?this?region?only accounts?for?5.7%?of?the?national?total,?and?the?amount?of?water?resources?per?unit?area?is?only?15%?of?the?national average.?But?agricultural?irrigation?water?in?this?area?accounts?for?more?than?80%?of?total?local?water?consumption, which?is?1.23?times?that?of?China.?The?shortage?and?waste?of?water?resources?in?the?region?seriously?restrict?the sustainable?development?of?agriculture.?Therefore,?optimizing?water?allocation,?adjusting?crop?planting?structure, and?maximizing?economic?and?ecological?benefits?have?important?practical?significance?for?promoting?the?efficient use?of?water?resources?and?sustainable?development?of?agriculture?in?this?region.?Based?on?the?climate?data?of?205 stations ?in ?northwest ?China ?from ?2000 ?to ?2020, ?the ?water ?footprint ?model ?was ?used ?to ?analyze ?the ?evolution characteristics?of?water?consumption?of?main?crops?in?northwest?China.?A?multi-objective?planning?model?with constraints?of?cultivated?land?resources,?water?resources,?and?food?security?is?constructed?to?optimize?the?planting structure?to?minimize?water?consumption,?ecological?security,?and?economic?benefits?maximization.?Results?showed that?(1)?from?2000?to?2020,?the?yield?of?main?crops?increased?by?1.40?times?(from?70?million?tons?in?2000?to?168 million?tons?in?2020)?and?the?planting?area?increased?by?0.24?times?(from?14.49?million?hm2?in?2000?to?17.98?million hm2?in?2020)?in?northwest?China.?The?planting?structure?developed?from?specialization?to?diversification,?and?the planting?proportion?of?food?crops?and?cash?crops?changed?from?2∶1?to?1∶1.?(2)?The?total?water?footprint?of?crop production?increased?from?83.87?billion?m3?to?110.91?billion?m3.?The?total?blue?water?footprint?increased?by?about 1.31?times,?and?the?total?green?water?footprint?increased?by?5.94?billion?m3.?(3)?Although?global?warming?has increased?precipitation?in?the?arid?northwest?region?and?alleviated?agricultural?water?consumption?in?the?region. However,?the?proportion?of?the?total?blue?water?footprint?to?the?total?water?footprint?of?crop?production?remains between?72.94%?and?81.55%,?which?reflects?that?agricultural?production?in?northwest?China?faced?huge?pressure on ?water ?resources. ?(4) ?By ?adjusting ?the ?crop ?planting ?structure, ?appropriately ?increase ?the ?planting ?area ?of vegetables,?potatoes,?and?beans?by?1?405.93?×103?hm2,?18.63×103?hm2,?and?3.40×103?hm2,?and?reduce?the?planting area?of?other?crops.?To?effectively?alleviate?the?pressure?of?the?current?agricultural?water?shortage?while?ensuring economic?benefits,?to?ensure?regional?water?security?and?ecological?security,?10.73?billion?m3?of?blue?water?resources could?be?saved,?the?ecological?benefits?could?be?increased?by?4.25%?and?the?economic?benefits?could?be?increased by?47.074?billion?yuan.?The?research?conclusion?could?provide?technical?and?decision-making?support?for?the?green and?high-quality?development?of?agriculture?in?the?northwest?arid?area.aking?support?for?the?green?and?high-quality development?of?agriculture?in?the?northwest?arid?area.
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