Study on the water transfer scale considering the constraint of river ecological water demand
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Abstract:
The construction of a regional water network is a crucial measure to address complex water problems such as the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources, while to achieve the goal of ecological protection and high-quality development. The water network, mainly consisting of water transfer and storage projects, has changed the pattern of water resources and the eco-hydrological processes of rivers, and has adverse impacts on the ecological environment. The Datong River basin is abundant in water resources and has great potential for hydropower. The three major water transfer projects (from Datong River to Qinwangchuan basin, from Datong River to Jinchang City, and from Datong River to Huangshui River basin) in this region have made great contributions to the economic and social development of the Xining-Lanzhou City cluster. Given that the Datong River basin includes environmentally sensitive areas such as the upper reaches of the Yellow River Reserve and the Qilian Mountain National Park, ensuring ecological safety is important. Unfortunately, some early projects failed to adequately consider environmental protection requirements at the planning stage, resulting in significant changes in river hydrology, including reduced river flows, deteriorating water quality, and declining biodiversity.On the basis of comprehensive understanding of the eco-hydrological conditions, the characteristics of water transfer and hydropower projects, and the current situation of water resources utilization in the Datong River basin, three key control sections (Qingshizui, Tiantang, and Xiangtang) were determined. Nine widely used hydrologically-based methods were employed to calculate 12 ecological flow processes at the three sections, which were considered in the water resource allocation of the Datong River basin. Furthermore, the Water-Energy-Ecosystem (WEE) Nexus model, which was developed based on multi-objective and nonlinear programming, was used to optimize and compare the operations of different water diversion and storage projects as well as the corresponding ecological flow guarantee rate under 12 different ecological flow processes, with the past 60-year hydrological series as the model input. The following conclusions can be drawn. (1)The ecological flows were increased from upstream to downstream along the Datong River (QingshizuiKeywords:
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