Evaluation of groundwater ecosystem service value in Henan Province under the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfers Project
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Abstract:
As a national major strategic foundation project, the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfers Project not only plays a significant social and economic benefits, but also plays a huge ecological and environmental benefits. Although the economic and social benefits of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfers Project are obvious, there is still a lack of systematic understanding and objective and accurate quantitative evaluation of its ecological and environmental benefits and its added value. Since the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfers Project was opened, the water source structure of the water-receieving cities has changed significantly, the exploitation of groundwater resources has decreased significantly, and the groundwater level has risen, which has significantly changed the ecosystem services of groundwater. In this context, it is of great significance to accurately and quantitatively assess the change of groundwater ecosystem service value in the water-receiving area before and after the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfers Project and to correctly understand the ecological and environmental benefits brought by the project and promote the rational and scientific utilization of the water resources of the project.The service value of groundwater ecosystem refers to the value that groundwater ecosystem provides material, energy and service to human society through various ways. According to the role of ecosystem in human survival and social and economic development, the value of ecosystem services is divided into four categories: product supply, support, regulation and cultural services. At home and abroad, the quantitative evaluation of ecosystem services mainly adopts three methods, namely, the quality evaluation method, the value evaluation method and the energy evaluation method. Based on the characteristics of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfers Project and the water-receiving cities, the value assessment methods, including market value method, alternative cost method and mining loss method are adopted.The water-receiving cities in Henan Province under the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfers Project were selected as the typical research area, and the market value method, alternative engineering method and equivalent substitution method were used to evaluate the groundwater ecosystem service value of the cities in Henan Province from 2008 to 2019.The results showed that: (1) Among the 11 water-receiving cities in Henan Province, the highest value of groundwater ecosystem service was found in Zhengzhou City, the most stable changes were found in Pingdingshan City, Luohe City and Xuchang City, and the most drastic changes were found in Hebi City. (2) In 2019, the value of groundwater ecosystem services in Zhengzhou was 21.317 billion yuan, with the highest value of regulation services, followed by support services and supply services, and the lowest social services. Water conservation index accounted for the highest proportion of total value, followed by prevention of land subsidence index, and scientific research and education index accounted for the smallest proportion. (3) The annual average ecosystem service value of water-receiving cities in Henan Province from 2008 to 2019 was 103.037 billion yuan, and the change trend was first decreasing and then increasing. The turning point appeared in 2013, due to the increase of groundwater resources by underground water pressure extraction, groundwater replacement by the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfers Project, afforestation and soil and water conservation measures. The research results can provide a reference for the evaluation of eco-environmental benefits and groundwater protection of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfers Project.
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