Evaluation method for spatial balance based on water resource allocation
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Abstract:
The uneven spatiotemporal distribution of water resources has gradually become a significant constraining factor for regional development, due to mismatches with population, productivity, and land layout. In order to meet the demands of human socioeconomic development, a series of hydraulic engineering and water supply facilities have been constructed to alter the natural distribution pattern of water resources and enhance the spatial equilibrium of water resource allocation. Water resource equilibrium allocation is not simply a matter of allocating a single water source to a single user, but involves complex water quantity distribution composed of multiple water sources, users, and hierarchical engineering. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the spatial equilibrium of water allocation from the perspective of the overall water allocation system.An evaluation index system has been established, consisting of four subsystems: water source equilibrium, water supply facility equilibrium, unit equilibrium, and user equilibrium. The water source equilibrium subsystem employs the matching degree between the water supply proportion of each water source and its available water quantity proportion as an indicator. The water supply facility equilibrium subsystem selects the matching degree between the water supply proportion of each water supply facility and the scale of water supply as an indicator. The unit equilibrium subsystem treats each administrative region as a computational unit and utilizes the matching degree between the population of each unit and the water resources as an indicator. The user equilibrium subsystem uses the matching degree between the water supply proportion of each water user and the demand for water as an indicator. Subsequently, 12 different scenarios are designed, and the entropy weight TOPSIS method is utilized to comprehensively evaluate the spatial equilibrium level of water resources. The entropy weight TOPSIS method is an effective multi-attribute decision-making analysis approach that fully considers the importance of each attribute, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of decision-making by avoiding subjectivity and uncertainty. In practical applications, it is necessary to select appropriate methods based on specific circumstances and pay attention to data quality and standardization.The results indicate that the scheme involving external water diversion is the optimal solution, with a relative closeness degree of 0.841, while the scheme without water resource allocation is the worst, with a relative closeness degree of 0.281. Regarding the adjustment of allocation methods, in the scheme without water resource allocation, the inability to conduct inter-basin water transfer and the widespread inadequacy of local water resources to meet demands lead to a 0.275 decrease in relative closeness compared to the existing situation. The scheme involving water source substitution exhibits an increase of 0.084 in relative closeness, and the scheme expanding the water supply range of water plants shows an increase of 0.047 in relative closeness compared to the existing situation. In terms of adjusting water sources, the scheme increasing the index of external water diversion demonstrates an increase of 0.285 in relative closeness compared to the existing situation, while the scheme increasing the index of groundwater shows an increase of 0.220 in relative closeness. It is evident that the effect of increasing the index of external water diversion is more significant. In terms of adjusting water demand, reducing water demand can improve the spatial equilibrium of water resources, while increasing water demand can lower it. The reduction of agricultural water demand yields the best effect, followed by the reduction of industrial water demand, and finally the reduction of domestic water demand, with relative closeness degrees increasing by 0.244, 0.081, and 0.043, respectively, compared to the existing scheme.This method combines water resource allocation with spatial equilibrium evaluation and utilizes the entropy weight TOPSIS method to comprehensively assess the spatial equilibrium level of different schemes based on 12 allocation scenarios in Changyi City. This approach ensures that the results are more rational and objective, while also providing reference for future water resource allocation work in Changyi City.
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