Construction of optimal water distribution model of canal system in irrigation area based on water loss of whole process transportation:Taking Changgang Irrigation District as an example
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Abstract:
Irrigation districts usually have characteristics of a high water demand and low water use efficiency, and irrational canal system transmission and distribution schemes lead to water waste, further aggravating the contradiction between water supply and demand in irrigation districts. The optimal water distribution model of canal system should provide scientific and effective methods and tools for formulating optimal water distribution schemes of canal system to cope with future climate change, so as to support the efficient allocation of water resources in irrigation districts.Based on this, the Changgang Irrigation District of Heilongjiang Province is taken as the research area, and a multi-objective model for optimizing water distribution of irrigation canal system is proposed based on the whole process of water transmission loss. The model fully considers the water balance, irrigation time, irrigation water volume and canal water conveyance capacity between different canal sections in the main canal system of the irrigation district, and takes into account the three objectives of water saving, timeliness and fairness in the process of water transmission and distribution in the canal system of the irrigation district. At the same time, the Random Forest model was used to predict the water supply and demand of the irrigation district under future climate change scenarios, which was used as a model input to accurately calculate the loss of canal transmission, and to obtain an objective and practical optimal water distribution scheme for the canal system in Changgang Irrigation District.The results showed that the proportion of water loss from transmission and distribution to the total water loss from transmission and distribution of the upper channel in different canal sections of the upper channel within the same fertility stage was significantly differentiated, and the first canal section of the upper channel close to the head of the canal within any fertility stage accounted for the largest proportion of water loss from transmission and distribution. Through the canal system optimization water distribution model, the total amount of canal system water transmission and distribution in Changgang Irrigation District during the whole crop fertility stage was 2,305,100 m3, the total water distribution time was 494.32 h, and the total amount of water loss in transmission and distribution was 86,600 m3, which was 24.89% less than the amount of water lost in transmission and distribution calculated by the empirical coefficient method in the irrigation district, and it significantly improved the efficiency of water transmission and distribution. When planning and constructing high-standard seepage control facilities, it is suggested that the competent authority of the irrigation district may give priority to the construction of canal section 1, canal section 2, canal section 3 and canal section 6 of the upper channel and the six, ten and eleven branches of the lower channel to optimize the allocation of water resources in the irrigation district and to reduce the loss of water transmission.It is shown that the model helps to provide scientific and reasonable canal system water distribution scheme, realizes the synergistic enhancement of water conservation, timeliness and fairness in the process of canal system water transmission and distribution in the irrigation district, and can be applied to other water-scarce irrigation districts, so as to provide decision-making support for comprehensively enhancing the capacity of water resources management and the level of refined management in irrigation districts.
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