河流生态需水研究是水资源优化配置的基础性工作，也是维持和改善生态系统、实现水资源永续利用的保障。以渭河干流宝鸡段为例，基于河流生态需水的概念及构成，从生态基流、输沙需水和自净需水三方面考虑，最终估算出渭河宝鸡段现阶段河流生态需水量为19.01×108m3。与渭河宝鸡段上游来水量相比，生态需水量缺口较大。为此从增加上游来水量、区段内的节水及控污、建立有效的管理体制等方面提出若干措施。研究成果一定程度上丰富了生态环境需水理论研究，也为维护流域生态环境建设和水资源合理利用提供重要参考。

Study on the river ecological water demand is not only the foundation of optimal allocation of water resources，but also the security to maintain and improve the ecological system and realize the sustainable utilization of water resources. In this paper, on the basis of the conception and component of ecological water demand, the ecological water demand in Baoji section of Weihe River was estimated from the perspectives of ecological base flow, water requirement for sediment transport, and water requirement for self purification, which was 19.01×108 m3. Compared with the upstream water, a big gap in ecological water demand still exists. Therefore, some feasible suggestions were proposed including the increasing of upstream water, water saving and pollution control in the section, and establishment of an effective management system. The research results not only enrich the eco-environmental water demand theory, but also provide an important reference for the eco-environment construction and reasonable utilization of water resources.

宝鸡文理学院重点学科项目（ZK11023）；陕西省水利科技计划项目资助（陕财办农(2012)223号）；陕西省地理学重点学科资助。