供用水结构体现了区域内各产业部门供用水类型之间互相关联、互相依存的结构关系。研究区域供用水结构的特征及变化，对协调区域经济和环境的发展具有重要意义。本文对天津市2001~2013年供用水结构特征进行分析，运用洛伦兹曲线及基尼系数计算方法分析用水类型空间分布特征。研究表明：天津市供、用水总量呈上升趋势，年均增长率均为2.31%，供、用水结构变化相对稳定。农业用水和生活用水的空间分布格局较为合理，工业用水差异较大，空间分布极不均衡，应当引起相关部分的重视

Water supply and consumption structure reflects the interconnected and interdependent structural relationships between the water supply and consumption types of different industrial sectors in a region. Studying the characteristics and changes of regional water supply and consumption structure has important practical significance in realizing coordinate and harmonious development of regional economy and environment. This paper analyzed the water supply and consumption structural change during 2001-2013 in Tianjin, and analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of water-use types using Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient. The results showed that the total amount of water supply and consumption tended to rise at an average annual growth rate of 2.31%. The change of water supply and consumption structure was relatively stable. The spatial distribution of agricultural water and domestic water was reasonable, but that of industrial water was greatly unbalanced and exceeded the internationally recognized warning level.

国家自然科学基金（51379006,51479003）