介绍了破产理论在区域水量分配问题中的应用。分析了传统破产理论在水量分配问题中的有效性和局限性，考虑配水单位水资源丰富程度、用水效率和最低供水保障率3个因素，对破产理论传统的分配规则进行优化改进，并实例应用于广东省东江流域各地市的水资源竞争性分配中。结果表明：1）改进后的分配规则能综合考虑各分水单位水资源丰富程度和用水效率等各方面因素，合理排列分水单位的配水优先等级，确保高优先级单位水量供给，同时保证低优先级单位的最低供水标准；2）面对未来不确定性来水条件，当可供水总量逐渐减少的时，不同配水优先级单位具有不同的反应速率，高配水优先等级的配水单位其供水满足率的下降速率更趋缓慢，进一步体现了其优先配水地位。改进后的破产理论规则应用于区域水量分配中能够得到合理的分配结果，而且能根据问题的不同要求进行规则调整，极具灵活性，可以推广应用于其他地区。

This paper introduces a new bankruptcy method for water resource allocation. We analyzed the effectiveness and limitations of the bankruptcy method, and added three new parameters, which were water resource abundance, water use efficiency, and minimum water supply guarantee rate, to the traditional bankruptcy allocation rule to improve this method. When we used these rules in the case study of Dongjang River basin, we found that: the traditional bankruptcy rules could not satisfy the requirements of water allocation; however, the amendatory bankruptcy rule produced more reasonable results, even in the future uncertainty situation. Moreover, the amendatory bankruptcy rule can be adapted to many different requirements through alteration of the weight of each parameter, making it more flexible to be applied to other areas.

国家自然科学基金项目（91547202，51210013, 51479216，51479217，51379223，51509127）中国工程院咨询项目（2015-ZD-07-04-03），水利部公益项目（200901043-03），广东省水利科技创新项目（2016-07，2016-01），广州市水务科技项目（GZSWKJXM2012-02，2017）